D01 — AI Interaction Profile
Functional Role of AI
Description
AI as assistant, confidant, therapist substitute, romantic partner, mentor, spiritual guide, tactical advisor, ideological partner, grievance validator, or operational tool.
Rationale
The role the person assigns to AI determines the nature of its influence. An AI functioning as a therapist substitute, romantic partner, or tactical advisor operates on a fundamentally different risk profile than one used as a productivity tool. The assigned role shapes what kinds of reinforcement, validation, and guidance the person is seeking and receiving.
Evidence Base
Inside a Mass Shooter’s Harrowing History With ChatGPT
Mark Follman, 2024. Inside a Mass Shooter’s Harrowing History With ChatGPT. Mother Jones.
News / journalismIndependent Clinical Evaluation of General-Purpose LLM Responses to Signals of Suicide Risk
Nick Judd, Alexandre Vaz, Kevin Paeth, Layla Inés Davis, Milena Esherick, Jason Brand, Inês Amaro, Tony Rousmaniere, 2024. Independent Clinical Evaluation of General-Purpose LLM Responses to Signals of Suicide Risk. Proceedings of the Second International Association for Safe and Ethical AI Conference (IASEAI’26), 279. DOI: null.
Peer-reviewed study (original research)The Human-AI Cognitive Relationship: The Dominant Threat Vector of the Next Decade
Varga, 2026. The Human-AI Cognitive Relationship: The Dominant Threat Vector of the Next Decade. AI and Advanced Tech, null, pages. null.
Commentary / Editorial“You Need to Drop the App”: Online Community Responses to Teens’ Disclosures of Overreliance on AI Companion Chatbots
Mohammad (Matt) Namvarpour, Ananya Mhetras, Jessica Y Medina, Mamtaj Akter, and Afsaneh Razi, 2026. “You Need to Drop the App”: Online Community Responses to Teens’ Disclosures of Overreliance on AI Companion Chatbots. In ACM Conversational User Interfaces 2026 (CUI ’26), July 21–24, 2026, Bremen, Germany. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 16 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3816046.3816214
Peer-reviewed study (original research)Guardrails Under Test: Terrorist Misuse of AI Models and the Open-Weight ‘Abliteration’ Problem
Hadley, 2026. Guardrails Under Test: Terrorist Misuse of AI Models and the Open-Weight ‘Abliteration’ Problem. CTC Sentinel, 1(1), pages 1-13. DOI not present.
Peer-reviewed study (original research)AI Agents are Vulnerable to Radicalization
Ozgur Can Seckin, Shalmoli Ghosh, Alessandro Flammini, Kristina Lerman, Maria Elizabeth Grabe, Filippo Menczer, 2024. AI Agents are Vulnerable to Radicalization. arXiv, 29 Sep 2026.
Peer-reviewed study (original research)A scoping review on the mental health harms of LLM-based chatbots
Diel A, Torous J, Cuijpers P, Kleesiek J, Nensa F, Weber N, Faust F, Lalgi TJ, Mellis FS, Teufel M, Bäuerle A, 2024. A scoping review on the mental health harms of LLM-based chatbots. npj Digital Medicine, 9(644). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-026-03054-x
Peer-reviewed study (original research)AI-associated delusions: the missing dimension of mortality
Idris Altinisik, Utku Igcioglu, Murat Emul, 2024. AI-associated delusions: the missing dimension of mortality. Lancet Psychiatry, Vol 13, pages 456. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(25)00396-7.
Commentary / EditorialGrowing up in the online world: government response (July 2026)
Department for Science, Innovation & Technology, 2026. Growing up in the online world: government response (July 2026). GOV.UK. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/growing-up-in-the-online-world-a-national-consultation/outcome/growing-up-in-the-online-world-government-response-july-2026.
Government / agency reportSycophantic AI decreases prosocial intentions and promotes dependence
Cheng M, Lee C, Khadpe P, Yu S, Han D, Jurafsky D, 2026. Sycophantic AI decreases prosocial intentions and promotes dependence. Science, 391(6792), pages. 10.1126/science.aec8352.
Peer-reviewed study (original research)Intelligent Systems, Vulnerable Minds: A Framework for Radicalization to Violence in the Age of AI
Kunst et al., 2026. Intelligent Systems, Vulnerable Minds: A Framework for Radicalization to Violence in the Age of AI. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 30(3), 395-426. https://doi.org/10.1177/10888683261430089
Peer-reviewed study (original research)Ex Machina: A forensic evaluation of AI companion applications and their evidentiary value
Kendall J. Comeaux, Trevor T. Spinosa, Ali Ghosn, Ibrahim Baggili, 2024. Ex Machina: A forensic evaluation of AI companion applications and their evidentiary value. Forensic Science International: Digital Investigation, 56, 302050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsidi.2026.302050
Peer-reviewed study (original research)Expanding on what we missed with sycophancy
OpenAI, 2024. Expanding on what we missed with sycophancy. AI Company Report.
AI company reportAI Companions Reduce Loneliness
De Freitas, J., Oğuz-Uğuralp, Z., Uğuralp, A. K., & Puntoni, S., 2025. AI Companions Reduce Loneliness. Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 00, pages. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucaf040
Peer-reviewed studyAI companions and adolescent social relationships: Benefits, risks, and bidirectional influences
Xiaoran Sun, Yunqi Wang, Brandon T. McDaniel, 2026. AI companions and adolescent social relationships: Benefits, risks, and bidirectional influences. Child Development Perspectives, 20(2), 91–98. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdpers/aadaf009
Peer-reviewed study (original research)When patients consult artificial intelligence before clinicians: restoring clinical prioritisation in mental health care
Yudai Kaneda, 2026. When patients consult artificial intelligence before clinicians: restoring clinical prioritisation in mental health care. The British Journal of Psychiatry, First View, pp. 1 - 2. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2026.10741
Commentary / EditorialPsychosis Risk and Generative Artificial Intelligence Use Frequency, Motivations, and Delusion-Like Experiences: Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Buck, B., & Maheux, A. J., 2024. Psychosis Risk and Generative Artificial Intelligence Use Frequency, Motivations, and Delusion-Like Experiences: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 28(1), e85038. doi: 10.2196/85038
Peer-reviewed study (original research)Building safer artificial intelligence mental health chatbots: a framework for transparency, evaluation, and shared accountability
Hannah Lee, BS, Rebecca Handler, MSc, Tushar Mungle, PhD, Tina Hernandez-Boussard, PhD, 2026. Building safer artificial intelligence mental health chatbots: a framework for transparency, evaluation, and shared accountability. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 33(8), 1538–1553. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocag078
Peer-reviewed study (original research)Disrupted Companionship: A Risk Assessment Framework and Cross-Platform Quantitative Analysis of Psychosocial Responses to AI Companion Disruptions
Chau Do, Yunhao Yuan, Koustuv Saha, Renwen Zhang, Talayeh Aledavood, 2024. Disrupted Companionship: A Risk Assessment Framework and Cross-Platform Quantitative Analysis of Psychosocial Responses to AI Companion Disruptions. arXiv, Vol. null, pages. arXiv:2609.16907v1.
Peer-reviewed study (original research)Artificial Intelligence, Extremism and Prevention of Radicalisation: Effective use of AI in P/CVE Post-Event Paper
Javier Ruipérez & Arije Antinori, 2024. Artificial Intelligence, Extremism and Prevention of Radicalisation: Effective use of AI in P/CVE Post-Event Paper. EU Knowledge Hub on Prevention of Radicalisation.
Government / agency reportHuman-in-the-Loop Suicide Risk Detection and Clinical Escalation in a Generative AI Mental Health Chatbot: Prospective Implementation Study
Suzette Glasner, Darcy Michero, Matthew Stewart, 2026. Human-in-the-Loop Suicide Risk Detection and Clinical Escalation in a Generative AI Mental Health Chatbot: Prospective Implementation Study. JMIR Preprints. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.106118.
Preprint